The Evolution of L2 Motivation Theories and Research

Meng ZHANG

Asian Journal of English Language Teaching ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2) : 25-47.

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Asian Journal of English Language Teaching ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2) : 25-47.

The Evolution of L2 Motivation Theories and Research

  • Meng ZHANG
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Abstract

This paper discusses the evolution of L2 motivation research, beginning with Gardner and Lambert's (1959) socio-educational model and focusing on the influential L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) proposed by Dörnyei (2005). While the L2MSS has shaped the field, the paper identifies significant gaps, including a lack of pedagogical strategies to bridge learners' current and ideal L2 selves and methodological concerns regarding measurement scales. It further examines the model's limitations in multilingual contexts, where crosslinguistic comparisons and cognitive competition complicate motivation. Finally, this paper explores the affordances of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in supporting self- imagery and reducing anxiety, while noting persistent technical and engagement challenges. It concludes by calling for rigorous theoretical and methodological refinements, expanded research on multilingual motivation, and critical investigation into technology-mediated language learning.

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Meng ZHANG. (2026). The Evolution of L2 Motivation Theories and Research.Asian Journal of English Language Teaching , 35(2): 25-47

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